For decades, 529 college savings plans were built around a narrow idea of education: enroll in an eligible college, pay tuition and fees, buy books, and (if you attended at least half time) cover room and board.

Gradual changes over the years loosened that framework, allowing limited K-12 tuition and small student loan repayments. Even so, the system remained anchored to degree programs at traditional institutions.

That changed with the passage of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act on July 4, 2025. The law expanded the federal definition of “qualified education expenses” for 529 plans again, opening the door to a far wider range of learning pathways.

The result is a shift that aligns tax-advantaged savings with how education and work actually function today, where credentials, licenses, and continuing education are often just as important as diplomas.

529 Plan Expansion: What Changed For Career Related Expenses?

Under the new federal rules, qualified withdrawals made after July 4, 2025 can cover a broader set of postsecondary and career-related expenses. The expansion reaches beyond degree or certificate programs to include credentialing and training listed in appropriate federal or state directories. That matters because many fast-growing fields (health care, finance, construction, technology) require ongoing education and periodic testing rather than a one-time degree.

Eligible expenses now include:

• Postsecondary credentialing and training costs, even if the program does not result in a traditional degree, as long as it appears in recognized federal or state listings.
• Continuing education (CE) required to maintain licensure or professional credentials, such as courses for accountants, nurses, real estate agents, financial advisors, or other licensed professionals.
• Testing, licensing, and certification fees connected to credentialing programs.
• Books, supplies, and required equipment that are integral to completing credential or licensure requirements.

The practical effect is that a 529 plan can now function as a lifelong learning account. A student might use it for a short-term credential after high school, draw on it again for a licensing exam in their 20s, and later use remaining funds to meet continuing education requirements in mid-career.

K-12 Education Has Higher Limits And More

The law also builds on prior changes affecting K-12 education. On the federal level, tuition at a public or private K-12 school qualifies as a 529 expense, with an annual cap that increases over time. The limit remains $10,000 per year for 2025, then rises to $20,000 per year beginning in 2026.

The scope of eligible K-12 expenses also widens. Families can use 529 funds for:

• Curriculum and course materials
• Books and instructional supplies
• Tutoring services
• Testing fees for standardized exams
• Dual enrollment fees for courses taken for both high school and college credit
• Educational therapies for students with disabilities

The overall annual cap still applies across these categories. In other words, tuition plus tutoring plus books together cannot exceed the yearly limit.

One important caution remains: while these expenses are qualified at the federal level, state rules may differ. Some states conform fully to federal definitions for tax purposes; others do not. A withdrawal that is federally tax-free could still trigger state income tax or recapture of prior state tax deductions.

Check out The College Investor's 529 Plan Guide By State, select your state, and see the rules that apply.

Why This Matters For Families

For households saving for education, the expansion changes the risk profile of a 529 plan. Previously, families worried about “over-saving” if a child skipped college or received scholarships and the result could be facing a tax penalty. With the broader definition of qualified expenses, unused funds have more realistic outlets.

For workers, especially those in licensed or regulated professions, the change can lower the after-tax cost of staying credentialed. Continuing education is not optional in many fields; it is a condition of employment. Being able to pay those expenses with tax-free growth rather than after-tax dollars can free up cash flow elsewhere in a household budget.

The changes may also benefit students pursuing nontraditional paths. Short-term training programs, industry credentials, and licensing exams often cost far less than a four-year degree but deliver strong earnings returns. Until now, families could not reliably use 529 funds for those options. The new rules recognize that education-to-work pipelines no longer run through a single model.

What To Watch Next

Several open questions remain. States may update their own tax conformity rules in response to the federal expansion, creating a patchwork during the transition. Employers may also revisit education benefit strategies, coordinating tuition assistance or reimbursement programs with employee-owned 529 accounts.

Families with existing balances may want to revisit beneficiary designations and long-term plans. A 529 originally opened for a child’s college education could now reasonably support that same child’s career-long training—or be reassigned within the family to meet similar needs.

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