The U.S. Department of Justice has filed a lawsuit against Harvard University, arguing that the university has unlawfully withheld admissions records needed for a federal civil rights compliance review.

The complaint (PDF File), filed February 13, 2026, in federal court in Massachusetts, seeks declaratory and injunctive relief to compel Harvard to provide applicant-level admissions data and internal communications related to race and diversity policies . The government is not seeking monetary damages or revocation of federal funds.

At the center of the dispute is compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of race in programs receiving federal financial assistance.

Post Supreme Court Showdown

The lawsuit traces its roots to the 2023 Supreme Court decision in Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College. In that ruling, the Court held that Harvard’s undergraduate admissions program violated Title VI by considering race in a manner that amounted to impermissible racial balancing.

Following that decision, the Justice Department opened compliance reviews in April 2025 into Harvard College, Harvard Law School, and Harvard Medical School, according to the complaint.

Federal officials requested:

• Applicant-level admissions data for the past five academic years.
• Test scores (SAT/ACT, LSAT, MCAT), GPAs, essays, and admissions outcomes.
• Internal ratings and “holistic review” factors.
• Documents and correspondence related to race, ethnicity, diversity, equity, inclusion (DEI), and the Supreme Court ruling.

The department said it needed this information to determine whether Harvard had stopped considering race in admissions decisions.

Harvard produced several batches of documents in May 2025. But according to the complaint, those productions largely consisted of publicly available materials and aggregated statistics, not individualized applicant-level data. The Justice Department alleges Harvard failed to meet extended deadlines in September and October 2025 and has not produced additional materials since May 30, 2025.

The government argues that this refusal violates both federal regulations and contractual obligations tied to a Justice Department grant.

Legal Basis For The Lawsuit

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act states that no person shall be discriminated against “on the ground of race, color, or national origin” in programs receiving federal financial aid.

Harvard is a recipient of federal funding. According to the complaint:

• The university received $686 million in federal research funding in 2024, amounting to roughly 11% of its annual operating budget.
• It currently holds over $2.6 billion in active federal grants.
• One active Justice Department grant totals $654,195 and includes compliance obligations under Title VI.

Federal regulations require grant recipients to submit “timely, complete, and accurate compliance reports” and permit access to relevant records during investigations.

The Justice Department alleges that by failing to provide applicant-level data, Harvard has breached those regulatory and contractual obligations.

Importantly, the lawsuit explicitly states that the government “does not accuse Harvard of any discriminatory conduct” in this filing. Instead, it seeks an order requiring Harvard to produce the requested records.

What This Means For Students And Families

For families navigating the college admissions process, this case may feel distant. But it reflects broader changes that could affect how selective universities evaluate applicants.

Since the 2023 Supreme Court decision, colleges nationwide have revised admissions policies to remove explicit consideration of race. Many institutions have shifted focus toward socioeconomic background, first-generation status, geographic diversity, and essay prompts that allow students to describe personal experiences (including experiences related to race) without formally using race as a selection factor.

If the Justice Department ultimately obtains applicant-level data and concludes that Harvard remains compliant, the case may end as a records dispute.

If the review were to uncover violations, consequences could escalate. Under Title VI, the federal government has the authority to suspend or terminate federal funding. While that step is rare and not currently being sought, the financial stakes are significant given Harvard’s research funding levels.

For prospective students, the more immediate impact is policy clarity. The government’s aggressive enforcement posture signals continued scrutiny of elite universities’ admissions processes. Families may see:

• Increased transparency demands around admissions criteria.
• More documentation of how holistic review systems operate.
• Continued legal challenges to race-related practices nationwide.

Admissions rates at Harvard remain highly competitive. According to the complaint, Harvard College admits 4.2% of applicants, Harvard Law School 9.2%, and Harvard Medical School 3.2% .

In such selective environments, even small policy adjustments can have a massive impact.

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